Focus On ToxPath
Toxicologic pathology is a biomedical specialty that integrates the science of toxicology (study of poisons) and pathology (study of disease). Both toxicology and pathology are critical components of the safety assessment process used in predicting human and animal responses to drugs, chemicals, and therapeutic devices, including identifying the potential of these agents to cause cancer. The toxicologic pathology discipline also studies adverse environmental exposure responses in aquatic organisms, domesticated and wild animals, and humans. In addition to morphological diagnoses of organ and tissue pathology, toxicologic pathology includes identifying injury at the cellular, subcellular, and molecular levels to identify the health consequences of the adverse effects of drugs, chemicals, and therapeutic devices on aging, genetics, nutrition, immune function, developmental biology, reproduction, and brain development. The discipline of toxicologic pathology is heavily involved in development and safety assessment of new candidate drugs, pesticides, new medical implants, food additives, over the counter herbal products, and genetically modified foods with a primary objective of improving human, animal, and environmental health.
Toxicologic pathology is a biomedical specialty that integrates the science of toxicology (study of poisons) and pathology (study of disease). Both toxicology and pathology are critical components of the safety assessment process used in predicting human and animal responses to drugs, chemicals, and therapeutic devices, including identifying the potential of these agents to cause cancer. The toxicologic pathology discipline also studies adverse environmental exposure responses in aquatic organisms, domesticated and wild animals, and humans. In addition to morphological diagnoses of organ and tissue pathology, toxicologic pathology includes identifying injury at the cellular, subcellular, and molecular levels to identify the health consequences of the adverse effects of drugs, chemicals, and therapeutic devices on aging, genetics, nutrition, immune function, developmental biology, reproduction, and brain development. The discipline of toxicologic pathology is heavily involved in development and safety assessment of new candidate drugs, pesticides, new medical implants, food additives, over the counter herbal products, and genetically modified foods with a primary objective of improving human, animal, and environmental health.
Acrylamide is an important chemical with widespread industrial and other uses in addition to generalized population exposure from certain cooked foods. Previous rat studies to assess the carcinogenic potential of acrylamide have been carried out exclusively in the Fischer 344 rat with identification of a number of tumors amongst which mesotheliomas of the tunica vaginalis is an important tumor endpoint in the classification of acrylamide as a ‘probably human carcinogen. In a rat carcinogenicity study to determine the human relevance of mesotheliomas Wistar Han rats were exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.5, or 3.0 mg acrylamide/kg body weight/day in drinking water starting at gestation day 6. At the end of two years, mammary gland fibroadenomas in females and thyroid follicular cell tumors in both sexes were the only tumors increased in acrylamide treated rats.
Rodents have been used extensively in virtually all fields of biomedical research and have been the primary species used in toxicologic and carcinogenic research. Over many years it has become obvious that some conditions and in particular some tumors in rodents have questionable relevance in humans.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in preclinical research and drug development and is a powerful noninvasive method for assessment of phenotypes and therapeutic efficacy in murine models of disease. In vivo MRI provides an opportunity for longitudinal evaluation of tissue changes and phenotypic expression in experimental animal models.
The plant Angelica keiskei contains two main physiologically active flavonoid chalcones, 4-hydroxyderricin and xanthoangelol. Known as ashitaba in Japan, powder from the sap is widely consumed for its medicinal properties in Asia as a dietary supplement. Limited previously reported mammalian studies were without evidence of toxicity. GLP studies reported here, including a bacterial reverse mutation assay, a chromosome aberration assay, and an in vivo micronucleus assay are negative for genotoxicity.
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Acrylamide is an important chemical with widespread industrial and other uses in addition to generalized population exposure from certain cooked foods. Previous rat studies to assess the carcinogenic potential of acrylamide have been carried out exclusively in the Fischer 344 rat with identification of a number of tumors amongst which mesotheliomas of the tunica vaginalis is an important tumor endpoint in the classification of acrylamide as a ‘probably human carcinogen. In a rat carcinogenicity study to determine the human relevance of mesotheliomas Wistar Han rats
Robert R. Maronpot, DVM, MS, MPH, DACVP, DABT, FIATP, was selected by the Awards Committee as the 2008 Society of Toxicologic Pathology Achievement Award recipient. Dr. Maronpot has significantly influenced the field of toxicologic pathology in many different ways, including as a leader, manager, educator, and author. He is internationally recognized and highly respected for his scientific contributions to toxicologic pathology and the advancement of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP). Dr. Maronpot served as president of STP in 2001 and as editor-in-chief of its journal, Toxicologic Pathology, from 2001 to 2004.
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